The aim of the present study was the histological evaluation of Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) effectiveness for regeneration of periodontal defects. EMD activates cementum synthesis, PDL and bone during the maturation stage of follicole. In this research, EMD was used in surgical defects of premolar teeth in four adult sheep. Muccoperiosteal flap was reflected in buccal site of teeth. The buccal bone plate was removed from mesial to distal in 4 mm depth. After eliminating the cementum by bur and its etching, EMD was applied on exposed dentine and flap was sutured. In opposite sites of those teeth (control sites) the same process was performed without etching. After 100 days, sheep were sacrificed and histological study through light microscopic was performed on black sections of operation sites. The results showed that in test sites, regeneration of cementum and bone was 62/5% and 42/5-50% respectively. But in control sites regeneration of cementum and bone was 37.5% and 32/5-42/5% respectively. Also the migration of junctional epithelium in control sites was 8-10% more than test sites. The important point is that in test sites, cementum was completely attached to undermining dentine. But, in control sites, the gap between cementum and dentine was visible. As a result, this study suggests that EMD promotes periodontal regeneration, and EMD application is a successful achievement in regenerative periodontal therapy.

Among four joints of human foot in the ankle area, the tibiotalar and subtalar joints play the most important role in making it possible for the foot to perform Rotational movements such that kinematic behavior of foot is almost completely affected by orientation of their Rotation axes. Deviation of the axis of Rotation from the normal position can impair the function of the ankle and even the lower extremity. In this study, a new non-invasive method has been proposed, through which, using a gyroscopic mechanism, the orientation of the Rotation axes of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints can be determined. This method is based on indirect data acquisition from the kinematic behavior of the foot. Using the calculated matrices and through the optimization method, the orientation and position of the Rotation axes were respectively calculated at relatively high precision. These results were also assessed in practice by building an ankle mechanical model and a robotic gyroscopic mechanism which is used as a robotic rehabilitation device for ankle rehabilitation. Obtained results show that the maximum error in determining the orientation of the Rotation axes is about 2 degrees.

Introduction: Intentional and non-intentional changes achieved in rhinoplasty, especially in two important nasal indices (nasal tip Rotation and nasal tip projection) are not constant and tip Rotation and tip projection loss will gradually occur in these patients. In this study we aimed to quantify and compare the rate of these losses in two common rhinoplasty techniques -open versus closed rhinoplasty.Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 68 patients in two groups - namely open (O) and closed (C) rhinoplasty groups. Nasal tip Rotation (NTR) and projection (NTP) 4 weeks and 1 year after surgery were measured using standard photographs taken from the patients. The rate of alteration in these measurements within the said period was analyzed and compared in the two groups. Results: NTR loss in groups (O) and (C) measured 7.4 and 2.64, respectively (P<0.001). NTP loss in groups (O) and (C) was 2.44% and 2.26%, respectively (P=0.78).Discussion: The consistency of surgical results and structural properties of nasal skeleton (tip Rotation and tip projection) are higher in closed rhinoplasty technique compared with the open approach.  

Gravitational multipole moments of the Sun are still poorly known. Theoretically, the difficulty is mainly due to the differential Rotation for which the velocity rate varies both on the surface and with the depth. From an observational point of view, the multipole moments cannot be directly measured. However, recent progresses have been made proving the existence of a strong radial differential Rotation in a thin layer near the solar surface (the leptocline). Applying the theory of rotating stars, we will first compute values of J2 and J4 taking into account the radial gradient of Rotation, then we will compare these values with the existing ones, giving a more complete review. We will explain some astrophysical outcomes, mainly on the relativistic Post Newtonian parameters. Finally we will conclude by indicating how space experiments (balloon SDS flights, Golf NG, Beppi-Colombo, Gaia...) will be essential to unambiguously determine these parameters.

Different ossificant materials have been used used for induction of bone repair in many studies, and bone Matrix gelatin which contains bone morphogenic proteins one of the best ones.In present study we evaluated the role of this mat erial in acceleration of bone repair in rabbit tibia.A hole of 305mm diameter was made on right tibia of 10 and 12 rabbits as study and control group respectively, In the experiment group, in addittion to Bone Wax, we applied bone Matrix glatin in the hole. Radiographic images were taken in days 0, 20, 40 and 53 after operation In 6 rabbits of each group, photographic pictures were also taken after exposure of entire bone. In 6 controls less degree of restoration were seen on day 53. In 4 experimental animals restoration were completed by this time and in 2 speciments repair processing were better then controls. This results shows that bone Matrix gelatin can be used as an acclerator of bone repair.

Curved beams are widely used in combination with the linear elements of various civil engineering structures. Many researchers attempted to analyze beam curved in plan, beam curved in elevation, and spatial curved beam using different methods and different approaches and presented analytical exact solution and approximate numerical solution. The analytical exact integration of the governing differential equations is the major difficulty for the analysis of the geometrically non-linear curved beams. To overcome this difficulty, a finite displacement transfer method is proposed to eliminate analytical differentiation and integration, completely. This paper deals with the stiffness Matrix of 3D curved beam with varying curvature and varying cross-sectional area. A novel finite displacement transfer method is used to determine displacements of the freely supported node of the cantilever 3D curved beam. The flexibility Matrix is derived using the finite displacement transfer method. The stiffness Matrix is derived by employing equilibrium and transformation Matrix. The finite difference method is used for the numerical solution of the differential equations. Results of the calculation method are compared with the results of other methods in the literature and the FEM based analysis software. For the circular helix with uniformly varying cross-sectional area and 3600 elements, the maximum and minimum percentage difference in the stiffness coefficient is 2.89% and −0.65% respectively. For the elliptic helix with the uniform cross-sectional area and 720 elements, the maximum and minimum percentage difference in the stiffness coefficient is 2.69% and −2.65% respectively. The novel of this study lies in the generation of the stiffness Matrix of the 3D curved beams without tedious analytical differentiation and integration of governing equations. The stiffness Matrix of the spatial curved beam is applicable to the planer curved beam also.

If N ³ 2, then there exist finitely many Rotations of the sphere SN such that the set of the corresponding Rotation operators on Lp(SN) determines the norm topology for 1<p£¥. For N = 1 the situation is different: the norm topology of L2(S1) cannot be determined by the set of operators corresponding to the Rotations by elements of any ‘thin’ set of Rotations of S1.

The research is carried out to study the relationship between handedness and mental Rotation ability. for this purpose, 87 primary students (45 female, 41 male) with a mean age of 11/1/5 were selected by cluster sampling method among 4 primary schools (2 female and 2 male). These subjects completed chapman handedness inventory and chay online test of mental Rotation. Data analysis through univarite analysis of variance and nonparametric X revealed that, the different between female and male handedness wasn't statistically significant (p=0/95). the results showed that, the performance of ambidextrality group in mental Rotation test was significant (p = 0/003).